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Re$^3$Cap: Retrieval-Guided Refinement for Image Captioning Enhancement via Reinforcement Learning

Re³Cap uses multimodal retrieval to find caption omissions and hallucinations before refinement, offering a concrete retrieval-and-review pattern for vision agents.

arXiv · Aug 21, 2026
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Source Summary

**Re³Cap** uses multimodal retrieval as a reasoning signal, with a Caption Refinement Suggester and Caption Quality Assessor targeting hallucinations and omissions. It reports an average **8.64% improvement** over GRPO on COCO-LN500 relation reasoning.

Practical Implication

Builders of vision agents can test retrieved examples or evidence as inputs to a separate suggestion-and-assessment loop. The design separates finding likely caption defects from judging the revised output and requires no extra annotations.

Agent-Ready Context
**Re³Cap** uses multimodal retrieval as a reasoning signal, with a Caption Refinement Suggester and Caption Quality Assessor targeting hallucinations and omissions. It reports an average **8.64% improvement** over GRPO on COCO-LN500 relation reasoning.

Builders of vision agents can test retrieved examples or evidence as inputs to a separate suggestion-and-assessment loop. The design separates finding likely caption defects from judging the revised output and requires no extra annotations.

The reported gain is specific to **COCO-LN500** relation reasoning, and the supplied material gives no latency or compute costs. Broader caption quality and production tradeoffs remain unclear.
Connected Context · Feed7 Judgment

This provides narrow evidence that retrieval can improve visual refinement when it is structured as a defect-suggestion and quality-assessment loop rather than simply appended as context. It strengthens retrieval-guided agent design for relation errors, but does not establish broader caption quality or production viability because the reported gain is benchmark-specific and omits latency and compute costs.

Search Beyond What Can Be Taught: Evolving the Knowledge Boundary in Agentic Visual GenerationSearchGen-Bench shows naive retrieval can add noise; Re³Cap supplies a complementary mechanism that channels retrieved material through separate suggestion and assessment stages before accepting a revision.Building Closed-Loop Evals for a Multimodal Agent at Scale — Soumya Gupta & Jai Chopra, UberRe³Cap’s iterative defect detection and quality assessment reinforces Uber’s closed-loop multimodal QA pattern, while offering training evidence for caption refinement rather than production image editing.SABRE: Scalable and Automated Benchmarking of VLMs under StressSABRE provides the evaluation consequence of Re³Cap’s narrow result: broader visual-evidence stress tests are needed before a relation-reasoning gain can support general reliability claims.
Context Map
agentimage#retrieval#harness-engineering#generative-media
Uncertainty
The reported gain is specific to **COCO-LN500** relation reasoning, and the supplied material gives no latency or compute costs. Broader caption quality and production tradeoffs remain unclear.